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Grade 10 Science 

 Overview:

 

Grade 10 Science develops students’ understanding of biology, chemistry, Earth and space science, and physics. Students examine the organization of cells, tissues, organs, and body systems; chemical reactions, including acids and bases; the factors affecting climate and climate change; and the behaviour of light. The course also strengthens scientific investigation, analysis, and problem-solving skills while exploring connections among science, technology, society, and the environment.

Unit 1 — Biology: Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

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Main Topics Include:

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  • Cell division and cell specialization

  • Organization of cells into tissues, organs, and systems

  • Plant and animal tissues

  • Major organ systems in animals

  • Interactions among organ systems

  • Medical imaging and related technologies

  • Social and ethical issues in systems biology

Unit 3 — Earth and Space Science: Climate Change

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Main Topics Include:

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  • Earth’s climate system

  • Heat transfer in the atmosphere and hydrosphere

  • Natural and human factors affecting climate

  • The natural and human-enhanced greenhouse effect

  • Greenhouse gases, sources, and sinks

  • Evidence and indicators of climate change

  • Effects of climate change on people and natural systems

  • Climate-change initiatives and possible responses

Unit 4 — Physics: Light and Geometric Optics

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Main Topics Include:

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  • Characteristics and properties of light

  • Reflection in plane and curved mirrors

  • Refraction of light

  • Converging lenses

  • Ray diagrams and image formation

  • Mirrors, lenses, and optical instruments

  • Naturally occurring optical phenomena

  • Applications of light in technology and medicine

Unit 2 — Chemistry: Chemical Reactions
 

Main Topics Include:
 

  • Evidence of chemical reactions

  • Reactants and products

  • Word equations and balanced chemical equations

  • Synthesis, decomposition, and displacement reactions

  • Acids, bases, and the pH scale

  • Acid–base neutralization

  • Ionic, molecular, and acidic compounds

  • Safety and environmental effects of chemical reactions

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